Lincoln Park Zoo

Common name: Bactrian camel Latin Name: Camelus bactrianus Class: Mammals Order:    Artiodactyla Description An imposing animal, the Bactrian camel can reach seven feet in height and weigh up to 1,500 pounds. The species’ thick, brown coat changes with the seasons. During winter, it thickens to provide added insulation against the cold while large chunks of fur are shed in the summer to keep the animal cool. Both male and female Bactrian camels have two large humps on their backs.

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Range
The Bactrian camel is native to China and Mongolia. The animal has been domesticated, however, and can be found throughout Asia.

Status
The Bactrian camel is critically endangered due to habitat loss. The species is faced with increasing competition from domestic livestock, particularly for water.

Habitat
Dry grasslands and deserts make up the species’ primary natural habitat.

Niche
This grazing mammal favors grasses, leaves and shrubs, but it can also stomach thorns and dry vegetation that other herbivores can’t digest. This enables them to survive in areas of sparse vegetation.

Life History
In the wild, Bactrian camels inhabit herds of 3–30 members led by a single breeding male. Males that are unable to find mates often gather in single-sex bachelor herds. Juvenile Bactrian camels mature around five years of age, and individuals can live up to 50 years.

Special Adaptations

• Contrary to popular belief, a camel’s hump doesn’t hold water. Instead, the hump serves as a reservoir for energy-rich fat, which the camel can metabolize for energy when food is scarce.
• Because of its efficient metabolism, Bactrian camels can go for months without drinking water. When they do drink, they can consume 30 gallons of water at one sitting!
• Long eyelashes, ears lined with hair and nostrils that can be pinched shut all help shield the Bactrian camel from the blowing sand of its dry environment.